Here is a list of the terminology
used by Islamic scholors in reference to halal and haram in Islam.
Halal - That which Allah and the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) have allowed to be done in a lawful manner.
Haram - That which Allah and the Prophet have completely and
specifcally forbidden. Engaging in an act that is Haram (i.e. eating food like
pork, drinking alcohol, having sex outside of marriage) would lead to punishment
in the Next Life, and maybe even in this Life.
Makrouh - Something that is not liked. Also defined as offensive.
Mashbooh - Questionable or doubtful.
Mushtabahat - This is described as the “grey area” that is found
between Halal and Haram. It has also been defined as questionable.
It is based on the Hadith: What is Halal is clear and what is Haram is clear.
Midway between them are things which people do not know whether they are Halal
or Haram. He who keeps away from them will protect his religion and will be
saved. He who aproaches them is very near to Haram, like a shepherd wandering
his flock near Hima (protected grazing land), who could soon enter the forbidden
area, and Allah’s protected area is what He has declared forbidden.”
Makrouh Tahrimi - This is a category of Makruh, and is defined as
offensive in the extreme, and close to the Haram.
Makrouh Tanzihi - Another category of Makruh. It is defined as less
offensive, but still extremely distasteful.
Tayyibat - This refers to all things which are made halal for Muslims.
Zabiha - An animal slaughtered (or the process of slaughtering)
according to the Islamic method without which flesh of a halal animal is not
lawful for the food of a Muslim.
|
The market for foods
certified halal is growing robustly, both domestically and
internationally.
A quick reference is provided on ingredients that can
be used in products for the halal market.
|
By S Rasheed Ahmed
Halal-certified foods are moving beyond commodity-based
products to include convenience foods, also.
There is growing interest in the food industry for
halal-certified food products and ingredients, for both the domestic and foreign
markets. While there are about eight million Muslim consumers in the U.S., the
majority of product development technologists and scientists in this country do
not have enough information about the specific requirements for halal
certification of food products and ingredients. Here is a list of requirements
for halal certification when developing various food products, with a focus on
bakery products.
Bakery Products:
Flour enrichment: The enrichment must come from halal
sources, either plant- or chemical-based.
Alcohol treatment: Flours and cereal ingredients must
not undergo alcohol treatment during processing. For example, some soy products,
such as soy protein isolate, use alcohol treatment during processing. Defatted
soy flour made after hexane extraction is acceptable.
Emulsifiers/dough conditioners: Emulsifiers and
conditioners should be obtained from vegetable fat.
L-Cysteine: L-Cysteine is a non-essential amino acid
used as a reducing agent in bakery products such as bagels, pizza crusts, hard
rolls and croissants to reduce mixing time. It also prevents shrinkage of pizza
crusts made with high protein flour and helps in the machinability of dough.
L-Cysteine obtained from human hair is not considered a halal ingredient. Some
halal-certifying organizations accept L-Cysteine from duck or chicken feathers.
Synthetic L-Cysteine from petroleum is acceptable.
Dairy ingredients used in bakery products (i.e., whey, lactose,
caseinates and unsalted butter): These require halal certification, whereas
non-fat dry milk is acceptable as a halal ingredient (as long as dryers are
not used for non-halal ingredients).
Baker’s yeast: Baker’s yeast is considered halal.
Brewer yeast’s extract in bakery snacks: Most Muslim consumers
avoid food products made from brewer’s yeast extract since it is a by-product of
beer. Alcoholic beverages are prohibited in halal-certified food products.
Natural and artificial flavors: Natural and artificial flavors
in bakery products are the most important ingredients for Muslim consumers. The
makeup of flavoring material must be plant-based (no meat). Petroleum-based
propylene glycol is considered a halal solvent for flavoring.
Ethyl alcohol is not an acceptable halal solvent. The argument,
however, is that it is evaporated during baking. Most halal-certifying
organizations will not accept this argument, since the alcohol was originally
present as a raw material in the initial stage of production. Alcohol, in a
minute amount, produced naturally, is acceptable—such as in over ripened fruits
and during yeast fermentation of dough for bread baking.
Vinegar: Only distilled vinegar is acceptable, due to
the presence of a very minimal amount of diluted alcohol leftover in the
vinegar. Not all alcohol is converted to acetic acid and water. Wine and
balsamic vinegars are not considered halal ingredients.
Shortening: Only vegetable oil, vegetable shortening, or
vegetable shortening with vegetable fat based emulsifiers is acceptable.
All ingredients that go into a spaghetti dinner, from starter
cultures for cheese to the type of vinegar in the sauce, must
be reviewed for their halal status.
Vanilla extract and vanilla sugar: Vanilla extract in cookie
products or in ice cream is not acceptable as a halal ingredient because it
contains 35% or more alcohol. Vanilla sugar made with sugar and vanilla extract
also is not acceptable as halal, for the same reason.
BHT and BHA: They are acceptable as halal ingredients
only if the carrier is a vegetable oil.
Beta carotene: Several processing aid ingredients are
used in beta carotene color. Only fish gelatin or vegetable oil is acceptable as
a carrier, or as a processing aid ingredient.
FD&C colors: FD&C colors without any carriers
are acceptable as halal colors. The problem arises when glycerin is used as a
solvent in liquid FD&C colors. Only plant-based glycerin or vegetable oil is
allowed in the certification of halal liquid FD&C colors.
Soy sauce: Soy sauce made with wheat and soybean is not
accepted as a halal ingredient because it is a fermented product, resulting in
the presence of 2-3% leftover ethyl alcohol. Soy sauce or all-purpose soy sauce
made with hydrolyzed vegetable protein, water, salt, corn syrup and sodium
benzoate is considered halal.
Gelatin: Gelatin or kosher gelatin in toaster pastries
or in cookies is not acceptable. Fish gelatin or gelatin obtained from cows
slaughtered according to Islamic law is fine.
Cereal products: The vitamins, gelatin in marshmallows,
dairy ingredients, flavors and colors in cereal products are ingredients to
consider in developing a cereal product for halal markets. The source of the
above ingredients must be from a halal source.
Dairy products: This is the most important category of
food ingredients because it is used in many different food products.
Fortified milk: The source of vitamins A and D3 must be
from halal sources. Vitamin D3 from sheep’s wool, lanolin, is acceptable as
halal. Vitamin A is produced by reacting calcium carbonate with water. When this
esterifies with only a vegetable fat-based palmitic acid, it is considered a
halal vitamin A for milk fortification. The most important ingredient in the
vitamin mix is the emulsifier, which is considered the processing aid ingredient
and is not reported on the milk bottle label. The emulsifier is usually
polysorbate 60 or 80, and it must come from a vegetable fat source.
Starter cultures: Developing a natural cheese product
for halal markets requires much attention. The starter cultures generally are
desirable bacteria that produce lactic acid, gas for eye development, flavor,
color and texture, and give milk its consistency. The starter culture bacteria
are considered halal, but the source of media used to grow mother cultures and
milk starter cultures cannot be ignored in halal-certified dairy products. Only
unfortified milk or halal certified milk, used as media, is acceptable. If whey,
lactose, pancreatin, autolyzed brewer’s yeast or extract is used along with the
milk, then those ingredient sources must be halal.
Cheese enzymes: The majority of cheese manufacturers now
are using microbial rennet, which helps in developing a halal cheese product.
Lipase from kid, calf and lamb is not acceptable unless they are slaughtered
according to Islamic law. Only microbial lipase is acceptable. It is the same
for dairy flavors using enzymes. The same principle is applied for acid/sweet
whey, lactose and all other dairy ingredients and products.
Annatto color: This is acceptable if it does not contain
alcohol (i.e., is alcohol-extracted).
Salted butter: When made with cream and salt, it is considered
a halal butter. In unsalted butter, the flavoring must be from a halal source,
and alcohol should not be used as a solvent.
Snacks: Developing potato chips, pretzels and popcorn
products for halal markets requires close attention to dairy ingredients, yeast
extracts, flavors and colors.
Powdered and liquid soft drinks: The flavors, vitamins and
colors, including carmine color, are the main ingredients to investigate for
their halal status. Carmine red color from beetles obtained from South America
is not acceptable because all insects except grasshoppers are not allowed in the
halal diet.
Mayonnaise, salad dressing, ketchup and sauces: The main
ingredients to look for to certify as halal are sources of flavors, natural
flavoring, colors, vinegar and emulsifiers. Wine in salad dressing
and in mustard is not acceptable. For natural flavoring,
acetone as an extraction solvent is acceptable.
Spaghetti sauce: Romano cheese, flavor and shortening
are main ingredients to investigate for their halal sources. Wine in spaghetti
sauce is not acceptable.
Candies and chocolate bars: Emulsifiers, gelatin, flavors,
waxes and colors are main ingredients to investigate for halal status. Shellac
(insect secretion) is acceptable as a halal ingredient.
Macaroni and spaghetti products: All macaroni products that
fall under the FDA’s standard of identity are considered halal. Pasta products
made with flavors or macaroni products used in dinners are not considered halal
unless the flavors in pasta or other products in the dinner meet halal
requirements.
Chewing gums: Gum base, softener, gelatin, flavor and
color are the critical ingredients to consider in formulating chewing gum
products for halal markets.
Fruit juices: Flavors and colors are two main
ingredients to investigate before developing products for halal markets.
Nutritional or energy bars: Vitamins, gelatins, flavors,
colors and soy isolates are the main ingredients to be considered in developing
products for halal markets.
Fermented vegetable products: Fermented vegetable
products, such as pickles and sauerkraut made by brining (salting), without
production of alcohol, are considered halal products if no other ingredients
(such as flavors) are added.
Meat products: Pork is not acceptable in a halal diet.
Beef, chicken, lamb and turkey meat is acceptable only if the animals are
slaughtered according to Islamic law. The animal’s feed also plays an important
role in halal meat. Feed for animals must be from a vegetable source; no meat
feed is allowed. Growth hormones are not allowed because they are made with
pork-based material. Stunning should be avoided, and most Muslim consumers
accept the hand slaughter method. Blood is prohibited in a halal diet, so all
blood must be drained from the slaughtered animal.
Top
|
|
E-Numbers are assigned to various food additives. Some
E-Numbers are banned in some countries. In UK Numbers without
E prefix are allowed but may not be allowed in other country.
We are getting lot of e-mails from our Muslims brother and
sisters inquiring about Halal status of E-Numbers, so we
decided to add to our web site. E-Numbers are divided into
following category:
E-Numbers
Food Additives
100-180
Colors
200-252
Preservatives
260-297
Acidities
300-385
Antioxidant
400-429
Thickeners
430-499
Emulsifiers
620-640
Flavor Enhancer
950-967 Sweeteners
Halal Status: The Halal status was
given to the ingredients which are obtained from 100% Halal
raw materials without use of alcohol. These are plant and
chemical based material.
Haram: Those are obtained from
animal source or use of alcohol. All non-zabiha Halal animal
by-products were considered as Haram because Allah’s name was
not announced at the time of slaughtering the animal. Off
course pork by product was considered 100% Haram. Some Muslims may
differ with us about not accepting the meat slaughtered by
people of the book
as not Halal meat.
Mushbooh: Mushbooh status was given
to those E-Numbers where source of raw material was not known,
it could be from plant source or animal source and also lack
of information
of use of alcohol with based ingredients.
Hidden ingredients: We have no
knowledge of different food laws in different countries
regarding hidden processing aid ingredients which may be
Haram.
HARAM E – NUMBERS:
The following ingredients are
considered as Haram:
E 120: Cochineal (red color from
insects) according to Ulema from UK and South Africa
E 441: Gelatin
E 542: Edible Bone Phosphate
We have carefully checked
these ingredients based on our knowledge of US food
industry but we are not familiar with different food laws in
different countries.
|
E-Number |
Name |
Description |
Halal Status |
|
E100 |
Curcumin |
Color |
Halal if pure grind turmeric
|
|
E101 |
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) |
Color |
Mushbooh (Haram if from pork liver
& Kidney, Halal if 100% plant material
|
|
E102 |
Tartrazine |
Color |
Mushbooh |
|
E104 |
Quinoline Yellow |
Color |
Mushbooh |
|
E110 |
Sunset Yellow FCF / Orange Yellow
S |
Color |
Mushbooh |
|
E120 |
Cochineal / Carminic
Acid |
Color |
Haram according to Ulema
from UK & South Africa
|
|
E122 |
Carmoisine / Azorubine |
Color |
Mushbooh |
|
E123 |
Amaranth |
Color |
Halal if 100% plant
material w/o alcohol |
|
E124 |
Ponceau 4R / Cochineal Red
A |
Color |
Mushbooh (synthetic)
|
|
E127 |
Erythrosine BS |
Color |
Mushbooh |
|
E131 |
Patent Blue V |
Color |
Mushbooh |
|
E132 |
Indigo Carmine /
Idigotine |
Color |
Haram according to Ulema
from UK & South Africa |
|
E140 |
Chlorophyll |
Color |
Halal if not
extracted with alcohol |
|
E141 |
Copper Complex of
Chlorophyll |
Color |
Halal if not
extracted with alcohol |
|
E142 |
Green S / Acid Brilliant Green
BS |
Color |
Halal if the
synthetic material are Halal
|
|
E150(a-d) |
Caramel Color/with
chemicals |
Color |
Halal
|
|
E151 |
Black PN / Brilliant Black
BN |
Color |
Halal if the synthetic
material are Hala |
|
E153 |
Carbon Black / Vegetable Carbon
(Charcoal) |
Color |
Mushbooh, Halal if 100%
vegetable derived |
|
E160a |
Alpha, Beta, Gamma |
Color - Carotene |
Mushbooh,
|
|
E160b |
Annatto, Bixin, Norbixin |
Color - Carotene |
Mushbooh, may be
mixed with gelatin |
|
E160c |
Capsanthin / Capsorbin |
Color- Carotene |
Musnbooh, may be
mixed with gelatin |
|
E160d |
Lycopene |
Color - Carotene |
Mushbooh, may be mixed
with gelatin |
|
E160e |
Beta-apo-8-carotenal |
Color - Carotene |
Mushbooh, may be
mixed with gelatin |
|
E160f |
Ethyl ester of Beta-apo-8-cartonoic
acid |
Color - Carotene |
Mushbooh, may be
extracted with alcohol |
|
E161a |
Flavoxanthin |
Color |
Mushbooh, may be
extracted with alcohol |
|
E161b |
Lutein |
Color |
Mushbooh, may be
extracted with alcohol |
|
E161c |
Cryptoxanthin |
Color |
Mushbooh, may be
extracted with alcohol |
|
E161d |
Rubixanthin |
Color |
Mushbooh, may be
extracted with alcohol |
|
E161e |
Violaxanthin |
Color |
Mushbooh, may be
extracted with alcohol |
|
E161f |
Rhodoxanthin |
Color |
Mushbooh, may be
extracted with alcohol |
|
E161g |
Canthaxanthin |
Color |
Mushbooh, Haram if
from animal source(retinal)
|
|
E162 |
Beetroot Red / Betanin |
Color |
Halal if not
extracted with alcohol |
|
E163 |
Anthocyanins |
Color |
Halal if not
extracted with alcohol |
|
E170 |
Calcium Carbonate
(Chalk) |
Color - Inorganic |
Mushbooh, Haram if
from animal bones, Halal if from rock mineral
|
|
E171 |
Titanium Dioxide |
Color - Inorganic |
Halal
|
|
E172 |
Iron Oxides and
Hydroxides |
Color - Inorganic |
Halal
|
|
E173 |
Aluminium |
Colour - Inorganic |
Halal
|
|
E174 |
Silver |
Color - Inorganic |
Halal
|
|
E175 |
Gold |
Color - Inorganic |
Halal |
|
E180 |
Pigment Rubine / Lithol Rubine
BK |
Color - Inorganic |
Mushbooh
|
|
E200 |
Sorbic Acid |
Preservative |
Halal
|
|
E201 |
Soduim Sorbate |
Preservative |
Halal
|
|
E202 |
Potassium Sorbate |
Preservative |
Halal
|
|
E203 |
Calcium Sorbate |
Preservative |
Halal
|
|
E210 |
Benzoic Acid |
Preservative |
Halal |
|
E211 |
Sodium Benzoate |
Preservative |
Halal |
|
E212 |
Potassium
Benzoate |
Preservative |
Halal |
|
E213 |
Calcium Benzoate |
Preservative |
Halal |
|
E214 |
Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate |
Preservative |
Halal, if no alcohol is used
|
|
E215 |
Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Sodium
Salt |
Preservative |
Halal, if no alcohol is
used |
|
E216 |
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate |
Preservative |
Halal, if no alcohol is
used |
|
E217 |
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Sodium
Salt |
Preservative |
Halal, if no alcohol is
used |
|
E218 |
Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate |
Preservative |
Halal, if no alcohol is
used |
|
E219 |
Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Sodium
Salt |
Preservative |
Halal, if no alcohol is
used |
|
E220 |
Sulphur Dioxide |
Preservative |
Halal
|
|
E221 |
Sodium Sulphite |
Preservative |
Halal
|
|
E222 |
Sodium Hydrogen Sulphite |
Preservative |
Halal
|
|
E223 |
Sodium Metabisulphite |
Preservative |
Halal
|
|
E224 |
Potassium Metabisulphite |
Preservative |
Halal
|
|
E226 |
Calcium Sulphite |
Preservative |
Halal
|
|
E227 |
Calcium Hydrogen
Sulphite |
Preservative |
Halal
|
|
E230 |
Biphenyl / Diphenyl |
Preservative |
Halal, if no alcohol
is used |
|
E231 |
2-Hydroxybiphenyl |
Preservative |
Halal, if no alcohol
is used |
|
E232 |
Sodium Biphenyl-2-yl
Oxide |
Preservative |
Halal, if no alcohol
is used |
|
E233 |
2-(Thiazol-4-yl)
Benzimidazole |
Preservative |
Halal, if no alcohol
is used |
|
E239 |
Hexamine |
Preservative - other |
Halal
|
|
E249 |
Potassium Nitrate |
Preservative |
Halal
|
|
E250 |
Sodium Nitrite |
Preservative |
Halal
|
|
E251 |
Sodium Nitrate |
Preservative |
Halal
|
|
E252 |
Potassium
Nitrate(Saltpetre) |
Preservative |
Halal
|
|
E260 |
Acetic Acid |
Miscellaneous - Acids |
Halal
|
|
E261 |
Potassium Acetate |
Miscellaneous - Acids |
Halal
|
|
E262 |
Potassium Hydrogen
Diacetate |
Miscellaneous - Acids |
Halal
|
|
E263 |
Calcium Acetate |
Miscellaneous - Acids |
Halal
|
|
E270 |
Lactic Acid |
Miscellaneous - Acids |
Halal
|
|
E280 |
Propionic Acid |
Preservative - Acids |
Halal
|
|
E281 |
Sodium Propionate |
Preservative- Acids |
Halal
|
|
E282 |
Calcium Propionate |
Preservative- Acids |
Halal
|
|
E283 |
Potassuim Propionate |
Preservative- Acids |
Halal
|
|
E290 |
Carbon Dioxide |
Miscellaneous |
Halal
|
|
E300 |
L-Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin
C) |
Antioxidants- Vitamin C |
Halal
|
|
E301 |
Sodium-L-Ascorbate |
Antioxidants- Vitamin C and
derivatives |
Halal
|
|
E302 |
Calcium-L-Ascorbate |
Antioxidants- Vitamin C and
derivatives |
Halal
|
|
E304 |
Ascorbyl Palmitate |
Antioxidants- Vitamin C and
derivatives |
Mushbooh
|
|
E306 |
Natural Extracts rich in
Tocopherols |
Antioxidants- Vitamin E |
Mushbooh
|
|
E307 |
Synthetic
Alpha-Tocopherol |
Antioxidants- Vitamin E |
Halal only if it is
made with all Halal synthetic material
|
|
E308 |
Synthetic
Gamma-Tocopherol |
Antioxidants- Vitamin E |
Halal only if it is
made with all Halal synthetic
material |
|
E309 |
Synthetic
Delta-Tocopherol |
Antioxidants- Vitamin E |
Halal only if it is
made with all Halal synthetic
material |
|
E310 |
Propyl Gallate |
Antioxidants- other |
Halal
|
|
E311 |
Octyl Gallate |
Antioxidants- other |
Mushbooh
|
|
E312 |
Dodecyl Gallate |
Antioxidants- other |
Mushbooh
|
|
E320 |
Butylated Hydroxyanisole
(BHA) |
Antioxidants- other |
Mushbooh, Halal if
vegetable oil is used as a carrier, Haram if animal fat
is used as carrier. They are not available as 100% BHA
which is a chemical |
|
E321 |
Butylated Hydroxytoluene
(BHT) |
Antioxidants- other |
Mushbooh, Halal if
vegetable oil is used as a carrier, Haram if animal fat
is used as carrier. They are not available as 100% BHA
which is a chemical |
|
E322 |
Lecithin |
Emulsifiers and
Stabilizers |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is from soy fat or egg yolk, Haram if it is from
animal fat |
|
E325 |
Sodium Lactate |
Miscellaneous - Salts of Lactic
Acid |
Halal
|
|
E326 |
Potassium Lactate |
Miscellaneous - Salts of Lactic
Acid |
Halal
|
|
E327 |
Calcium Lactate |
Miscellaneous - Salts of Lactic
Acid |
Halal
|
|
E330 |
Citric Acid |
Miscellaneous - Citric Acid and its
Salts |
Halal
|
|
E331 |
Sodium Citrates |
Miscellaneous - Citric Acid and its
Salts |
Halal
|
|
E332 |
Potassium Citrates |
Miscellaneous - Citric Acid and its
Salts |
Halal
|
|
E333 |
Calcium Citrates |
Miscellaneous - Citric Acid and its
Salts |
Halal
|
|
E334 |
Tartaric Acid |
Miscellaneous - Tartaric Acid and its
Salts |
Halal, if not from
wine by-product, in USA it is Halal
|
|
E335 |
Sodium Tartrate |
Miscellaneous - Tartaric Acid and its
Salts |
Halal, if not
from wine by-product, in USA it is Halal
|
|
E336 |
Potassium Tartrate (Cream of
Tartar) |
Miscellaneous - Tartaric Acid and its
Salts |
Halal, if not from
wine by-product |
|
E337 |
Potassium Sodium
Tartrate |
Miscellaneous - Tartaric Acid and its
Salts |
Halal, if not
from wine by-product |
|
E338 |
Orthophosphoric Acid |
Miscellaneous - Phosphoric Acid and
its Salts |
Halal
|
|
E339 |
Sodium Phosphates |
Miscellaneous - Phosphoric Acid and
its Salts |
Halal
|
|
E340 |
Potassium Phosphates |
Miscellaneous - Phosphoric Acid and
its Salts |
Halal
|
|
E341 |
Calcium Phosphates |
Miscellaneous - Phosphoric Acid and
its Salts |
Halal
|
|
E400 |
Alginic Acid |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers -
Alginates |
Halal
|
|
E401 |
Sodium Alginate |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers -
Alginates |
Halal
|
|
E402 |
Potassium Alginate |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers -
Alginates |
Halal
|
|
E403 |
Ammonium Alginate |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers -
Alginates |
Halal
|
|
E404 |
Calcium Alginate |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers -
Alginates |
Halal
|
|
E405 |
Propane-1,2-Diol
Alginate |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers -
Alginates |
Halal
|
|
E406 |
Agar |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - other
plant gums |
Halal
|
|
E407 |
Carrageenan |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - other
plant gums |
Halal
|
|
E410 |
Locust Bean Gum (Carob
Gum) |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - other
plant gums |
Halal
|
|
E412 |
Guar Gum |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - other
plant gums |
Halal
|
|
E413 |
Tragacanth |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - other
plant gums |
Halal. |
|
E414 |
Gum Acacia (Gum Arabic) |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - other
plant gums |
Halal
|
|
E415 |
Xanthan Gum |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - other
plant gums |
Halal
|
|
E420 |
Sorbitol |
Sugar Alcohols |
Halal
|
|
E421 |
Mannitol |
Sugar Alcohols |
Halal
|
|
E422 |
Glycerol |
Sugar Alcohols |
Mushbooh, called
Glycerin in USA, Halal if it is from plant, Haram if it
is from animal |
|
E440a |
Pectin |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - Pectin
and derivatives |
Halal
|
|
E440b |
Amidated Pectin |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - Pectin
and derivatives |
Halal
|
|
E450a,b,c |
Sodium and Potassium Phosphates and
Polyphosphates |
Miscellaneous |
Halal
|
|
E460 |
Microcrystalline / Powdered
Cellulose |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers -
Cellulose and derivatives |
Halal
|
|
E461 |
Methylcellulose |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers -
Cellulose and derivatives |
Halal
|
|
E463 |
Hydroxypropylcellulose |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers -
Cellulose and derivatives |
Halal
|
|
E464 |
Hydroxypropyl-Methylcellulose |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers -
Cellulose and derivatives |
Halal
|
|
E465 |
Ethylmethylcellulose |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers -
Cellulose and derivatives |
Halal
|
|
E466 |
Carboxymethylcellulose, Sodium
Salt |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers -
Cellulose and derivatives |
Halal
|
|
E470 |
Sodium, Potassium and Calcium Salts of
Fatty Acids |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - salts or
Esters of Fatty Acids |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
|
E471 |
Mono-and Diglycerides of Fatty
Acids |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - salts or
Esters of Fatty Acids |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
|
E472 |
Various Esters of Mono-and
Diglycerides of Fatty Acids |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - salts or
Esters of Fatty Acids |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
|
E473 |
Sucrose Esters of Fatty
Acids |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - salts or
Esters of Fatty Acids |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
|
E474 |
Sucroglycerides |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - salts or
Esters of Fatty Acids |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
|
E475 |
Polyglycerol Esters of Fatty
Acids |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - salts or
Esters of Fatty Acids |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
|
E477 |
Propane-1,2-Diol Esters of Fatty
Acids |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - salts or
Esters of Fatty Acids |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
|
E481 |
Sodium
Stearoyl-2-Lactylate |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - salts or
Esters of Fatty Acids |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
|
E482 |
Calcium
Stearoyl-2-Lactylate |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - salts or
Esters of Fatty Acids |
Mushbooh,
Halal if it is from plant fat, Haram if it is from
animal fat |
|
E483 |
Stearyl Tartrate |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - salts or
Esters of Fatty Acids |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
FOOD INGREDIENTS NUMBERS WITH NO
E-PREFIX
|
Number |
Name |
DESCRIPTION |
HALAL STATUS |
|
107 |
Yellow 2G |
Colors |
Mushbooh
|
|
128 |
Red 2G |
Colors |
Mushbooh |
|
133 |
Brilliant Blue FCF |
Colors |
Mushbooh |
|
154 |
Brown FK |
Colors |
Mushbooh
|
|
155 |
Brown HT |
Colors |
Mushbooh |
|
234 |
Nisin |
Preservative - other |
Mushbooh
|
|
262 |
Sodium Acetate |
Miscellaneous - Acids and their
Salts |
Halal
|
|
296 |
Malic Acid |
Miscellaneous - Acids and their
Salts |
Halal
|
|
297 |
Fumaric Acid |
Miscellaneous - Acids and their
Salts |
Halal
|
|
350 |
Sodium Malate |
Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic
Acid |
Halal
|
|
351 |
Potassium Malate |
Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic
Acid |
Halal
|
|
352 |
Calcium Malate |
Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic
Acid |
Halal
|
|
353 |
Metataric Acid |
Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic
Acid |
Halal
|
|
355 |
Adipic Acid |
Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic
Acid |
Halal
|
|
363 |
Succinic Acid |
Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic
Acid |
Halal
|
|
370 |
1,4-Heptonolactane |
Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic
Acid |
Halal
|
|
375 |
Nicotinic Acid |
Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic
Acid |
Halal
|
|
380 |
Triammonium Citrate |
Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic
Acid |
Halal
|
|
381 |
Ammonium Ferric Citrate |
Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic
Acid |
Halal
|
|
385 |
Calcium Disodium EDTA |
Miscellaneous - Salts of Malic
Acid |
Halal
|
|
416 |
Karaya Gum |
Emulsifiers and
Stabilisers |
Halal
|
|
430 |
Polyoxyethane (8)
Stearate |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - Fatty
Acid derivatives |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is 100% from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
|
431 |
Polyoxyethane (40)
Stearate |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - Fatty
Acid derivatives |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is 100% from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
|
432 |
Polyoxyethane (20) Sorbitan /
Polysorbate 20 |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - Fatty
Acid derivatives |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is 100% from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
|
433 |
Polyoxyethane (20) Sorbitan
Mono-oleate / Polysorbate 80 |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - Fatty
Acid derivatives |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is 100% from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
|
434 |
Polyoxyethane (20) Sorbitan
Monopalmitate / Polysorbate 40 |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - Fatty
Acid derivatives |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is 100% from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
|
435 |
Polyoxyethane (20) Sorbitan
Monostearate / Polysorbate 60 |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - Fatty
Acid derivatives |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is 100% from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
|
436 |
Polyoxyethane (20) Sorbitan
Tristearate / Polysorbate 65 |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - Fatty
Acid derivatives |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is 100% from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
|
476 |
Polyglycerol Esters of Polycondensed
Esters of Caster Oil |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - salts or
Esters of Fatty Acids |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is 100% from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
|
478 |
Lactylated Fatty Acid Esters of
Glycerol and Propane-1,2-Diol |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - salts or
Esters of Fatty Acids |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is 100% from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
|
491 |
Sorbitan Monostearate |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - salts or
Esters of Fatty Acids |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is 100% from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
|
492 |
Sorbitan Tristearate |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - salts or
Esters of Fatty Acids |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is 100% from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
|
493 |
Sorbitan Monolaurate |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - salts or
Esters of Fatty Acids |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is 100% from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
|
494 |
Sorbitan Mono-oleate |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - salts or
Esters of Fatty Acids |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is 100% from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
|
495 |
Sorbitan Monopalmitate |
Emulsifiers and Stabilisers - salts or
Esters of Fatty Acids |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is 100% from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
|
500 |
Sodium Carbonate / Sodium
Bicarbonate |
Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts:
Carbonates |
Halal
|
|
501 |
Potassium Carbonate / Potassium
Bicarbonate |
Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts:
Carbonates |
Halal
|
|
503 |
Ammonium Carbonate |
Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts:
Carbonates |
Halal
|
|
504 |
Magnesium Carbonate |
Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts:
Carbonates |
Halal
|
|
507 |
Hydrochloric Acid |
Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts:
Hydrochloric Acid and its Salts |
Halal
|
|
508 |
Potassium Chloride |
Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts:
Hydrochloric Acid and its Salts |
Halal
|
|
509 |
Calcium Chloride |
Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts:
Hydrochloric Acid and its Salts |
Halal
|
|
510 |
Ammonium Chloride |
Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts:
Hydrochloric Acid and its Salts |
Halal
|
|
513 |
Sulphuric Acid |
Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts:
Sulphuric Acid and its Salts |
Halal
|
|
514 |
Sodium Sulphate |
Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts:
Sulphuric Acid and its Salts |
Halal
|
|
515 |
Potassium Sulphate |
Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts:
Sulphuric Acid and its Salts |
Halal
|
|
516 |
Calcium Sulphate |
Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts:
Sulphuric Acid and its Salts |
Halal
|
|
518 |
Magnesium Sulphate |
Miscellaneous - Acids and Salts:
Sulphuric Acid and its Salts |
Halal
|
|
524 |
Sodium Hydroxide |
Miscellaneous - Alkalis |
Halal
|
|
525 |
Potassium Hydroxide |
Miscellaneous - Alkalis |
Halal
|
|
526 |
Calcium Hydroxide |
Miscellaneous - Alkalis |
Halal
|
|
527 |
Ammonium Hydroxide |
Miscellaneous - Alkalis |
Halal
|
|
528 |
Magnesium Hydroxide |
Miscellaneous - Alkalis |
Halal
|
|
529 |
Calcium Oxide |
Miscellaneous - Alkalis |
Halal
|
|
530 |
Magnesium Oxide |
Miscellaneous - Alkalis |
Halal
|
|
535 |
Sodium Ferrocyanide |
Miscellaneous - other
Salts |
Halal
|
|
536 |
Potassium Ferrocyanide |
Miscellaneous - other
Salts |
Halal
|
|
540 |
Dicalcium Ferrocyanide |
Miscellaneous - other
Salts |
Halal
|
|
541 |
Sodium Aluminium
Phosphate |
Miscellaneous - other
Salts |
Halal
|
|
542 |
Edible Bone Phosphate
(Bone-Meal) |
Miscellaneous - Anti-Caking
Agents |
Haram
|
|
544 |
Calcium Polyphosphates |
Miscellaneous - Anti-Caking
Agents |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is from minerals, Haram if it is from animal
bones |
|
545 |
Ammonium Polyphosphates |
Miscellaneous - Anti-Caking
Agents |
Halal
|
|
551 |
Silicon Dioxide (Silica
Salt) |
Miscellaneous - Silicon
Salts |
Halal
|
|
552 |
Calcium Silicate |
Miscellaneous - Silicon
Salts |
Halal
|
|
553 |
Magnesium Silicate / Magnesium
Trisilicate (Talc) |
Miscellaneous - Silicon
Salts |
Halal
|
|
554 |
Aluminium Sodium
Silicate |
Miscellaneous - Silicon
Salts |
Halal
|
|
556 |
Aluminium Calcium
Silicate |
Miscellaneous - Silicon
Salts |
Mushbooh, Halal if
calcium from mineral rocks, Haram if calcium from animal
bones |
|
558 |
Bentonite |
Miscellaneous - other
compounds |
Halal
|
|
559 |
Kaolin (Aluminium
Silicate) |
Miscellaneous - other
compounds |
Halal
|
|
570 |
Stearic Acid |
Miscellaneous - other
compounds |
Mushbooh, Halal if
the source is from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
|
572 |
Magnesium Stearate |
Miscellaneous - other
compounds |
Mushbooh, Halal if
the source is from plant fat, Haram if it is from animal
fat |
|
575 |
Glucono Delta-Lactone |
Miscellaneous - other
compounds |
Halal
|
|
576 |
Sodium Gluconate |
Miscellaneous - other
compounds |
Halal
|
|
577 |
Potassium Gluconate |
Miscellaneous - other
compounds |
Halal
|
|
578 |
Calcium Gluconate |
Miscellaneous - other
compounds |
Halal
|
|
620 |
L-Glutamic Acid |
Miscellaneous - Flavour
Enhancers |
Mushbooh, Halal if
it is from plant protein, Haram if it is from animal
protein |
|
621 |
Monosodium Glutamate
(MSG) |
Miscellaneous - Flavour
Enhancers |
Mushbooh, Halal if
all ingredients including culture media to grow culture
from Halal source, Haram if media is from pork fat
|
|
622 |
Monopotassium Glutamate |
Miscellaneous - Flavour
Enhancers |
Mushbooh, Halal if
all ingredients including culture media to grow culture
from Halal source, Haram if media is from pork
fat |
|
623 |
Calcium Glutamate |
Miscellaneous - Flavour
Enhancers |
Mushbooh, Halal if
all ingredients including culture media to grow culture
from Halal source, Haram if media is from pork
fat |
|
627 |
Sodium Guanylate |
Miscellaneous - Flavour
Enhancers |
Halal
|
|
631 |
Sodium Inosinate |
Miscellaneous - Flavour
Enhancers |
Mushbooh
|
|
635 |
Sodium5-Ribonucleotide |
Miscellaneous - Flavour
Enhancers |
Mushbooh
|
|
636 |
Maltol |
Miscellaneous - Flavour
Enhancers |
Mushbooh, Halal if no alcohol is used in the
process |
|
637 |
Ethyl Maltol |
Miscellaneous - Flavour
Enhancers |
Mushbooh, Halal if
no alcohol is used in the
process |
|
900 |
Dimethylpolysiloxane |
Miscellaneous - Flavour
Enhancers |
Mushbooh, Halal if
no alcohol is used in the
process |
|
901 |
Beeswax |
Miscellaneous - Glazing
Agents |
Halal
|
|
903 |
Carnauba Wax |
Miscellaneous - Glazing
Agents |
Halal
|
|
904 |
Shellac |
Miscellaneous - Glazing
Agents |
Mushbooh, under
consultation with Islamic scholars, a gummy secretion
material from the pores of a insect Coccus lacca that
feed on Palas trees in India and South Asia. This gummy
material is called Lac. |
|
905 |
Mineral Hydrocarbons |
Miscellaneous - Glazing
Agents |
Halal if no alcohol
is used |
|
907 |
Refined Microcrystalline
Wax |
Miscellaneous - Glazing
Agents |
Mushbooh, Halal if
obtained from Halal source
|
|
920 |
L-Cysteine Hydrochloride |
Miscellaneous - Compounds used to
treat Flour |
Mushbooh, Haram if
it is obtained from human hair, Halal if it is made from
Halal synthetic material. No opinion if it is made from
chicken feathers |
|
924 |
Potassium Bromate |
Miscellaneous - Compounds used to
treat Flour |
Halal
|
|
925 |
Chlorine |
Miscellaneous - Compounds used to
treat Flour |
Halal
|
|
926 |
Chlorine Dioxide |
Miscellaneous - Compounds used to
treat Flour |
Halal
|
|
927 |
Azodicarbonamide |
Miscellaneous - Compounds used to
treat Flour |
Halal
| |
|
The Muslim Consumer Group for Food Products, a non-profit
group, educates Muslim consumers about halal status of food products through its
website, http://www.muslimconsumergroup.com/
and the book, A Comprehensive List of Halal Food Products in U.S. Supermarkets.
It also provides halal certification services. S. Rasheed Ahmed, president, is a
senior food scientist with experience in R&D.
